>The missionaries took the lead in spreading the Spanish culture. The early Spanish missionaries were not only preachers of the gospel, but also pioneers of western civilizations.
1. FOUNDERS OF TOWNS
>The missionaries founded many towns and cities in the Philippines. Our modern towns grew out
of these early Spanish settlements. The Spaniards wanted the Filipinos within hearing the church
bells and so, towns and villages formed rectangular buildings, residential houses, and
rectangular stret blocks. The scattered houses of the early Filipinos were replaced by the orderly
communities, with roads and street names. The Catholic church became the most beautiful
building, and the center of town life.
2. ENGINEERS OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
>The Spanish missionaries were skillful in building roads, bridges, forts, and irrigation dams.
3. AGRICULTURISTS
>The missionaries were also responsible for the introduction of new plants and animals in the
Philippines. These new food plants came from Mexico and Europe, such as corn, coffee, cacao,
tomato, squash, lima beans, achuete, guavas, peanuts, chico, papaya, potatoes, cincamas,
cabbage, eggplant, pineapple, sugar cane, and wheat. They also brought plants like cotton and
indigo. Filipinos learned to eat bread and drink coffee or chocclate. Other new foods introduced
by Spain were beef, sausages, ham, and Spanish sardines. In addition, from other parts of
Europe came iported canned goods like chorizo de Bilbao, olive oil, and pickles. Spain also
brought into the country new animals like goats, carabaos,cattle, horses, pigeons, swans,
ducks, geese, and better breeds of chickens and roosters.
4. INDUSTRIALISTS
>The Spanish missionaries taught the Filipinos new industries. They introduced new methods of
fishing, weaving, mining, farming, and metal-work which increased productivity; cattle-raising; the
cultivationof corn and bananas, fish and salt drying, iron and copper mining; weaving of hats and
mats. The people learned to make silk, candles, and soap; quarry adobe stones; print and bind
books; and extracted dyes such as indigo from tropical plants. In addition, they introduced the
manufacture of lime and tiles for building purposes, and th construction of stone houses and
churches. Products manufactured from hemp, sugar, coconut, and tobacco plants, which we
began to grow in large quantities, now became major industries that were started by the
Spaniards.
5. ARCHITECHS
Many beautiful churches with Bynzantine, Baroque, Ionian, Doric, Corinthian, Graeco-Roman, and Gothic architechtural designs were built in the Philippines during the Spanish era. They were among he greatest legacies of Spain to the country. These churches were not only houses of worship but they were also outstanding works of art. Famous churches built by the religious orders are the San Agustin church and the Manila Cathedral in Manila; Morong church in Rizal ; Barasoain Church in Malolos; San Fernando and Bauan Churches in La Union; and the Vigan Church in Ilocos Sur, among others.
6. SOCIAL WORKERS
Due TO the good influence of Christianity, the religious orders showed concern for the welfare of the sick, the orphaned, and abandoned children. These people received good care during the Spanish era. In 1578, the first hospital was founded in Manila by the Franciscan priests, and was called the Hospitalito De Anne. It later became the Hospital of San Juan De Dios and the San Lazaro Hospital, two of the oldest existing hospitals in Asia. There were other hospitals established in Manila, Los Banos, Cavite, Cebu, and Laoag. The first hospital in the Philippines came 173 years ahead of the first hospital in the United States. Asylums and orphanages were also built to provide homes for orphans, abandoned, and homeless children. The Real Hospicio de San Jose was the first orphanage for girls and boys founded in Manila in 1810. In 1885, the Asylum of San Vicente de Paul was founded in Manila by the sisters of Charity. Both of these institutions still exist today.
7. EDUCATORS
The first school and colleges in the Philippines were established by the different religious orders. The Spanish missionaries served as our first teachers and school administrators. They introduced the western system of education with different levels: elementery, secondary, and tertiary. Separate schools were established around the country for boys and girls. In addition, good manners and proper conduct were also taught in these schools, with Latin and Spanish as the medium of instruction. Our native dialects, in fact, contain many words of Spanish origin like mesa, silla, horas, campana, azucar, ventana and others. The first Spanish scholl for young boys was the Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio, established in 1589. It was followed by the Colegio de San Ildefonsoin Cebu in 1595. In the year 1817, the Escuela de Pia was established for the Filipino boys. This later became the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1859, and is now known as the Ateneo de Manila University. The oldest existing university in the Philippines is the University of Santo Tomas, founded by the Dominicans in 1611. For the young Filipino women, the first school established was the Colegio de Santa Potenciana in 1591. It is followed by the Colegio de Santa Isabel in 1632, which stands as the oldest school for girls in the Philippines, and the Beaterio de la Compana de Jesus in 1684. The Assumption Convent School, on the other hand, appeared in 1892, and it is also administered the Escuela Normal Superior de Maestras. It was a school that prepared women teachers for elementary school teaching.
8. SCIENTISTS
During the stay of the Spanish missionaries in the country, they conducted many studies in the field of chemistry, physics, botany, zoology, herbal medicine, cartography and meteorology and wrote many books on these subjects. They also trained some Filipinos to be doctors, chemists, pharmacists, and scientists like Dr. Jose Rizal who graduated from University of Santo Tomas. The Observatory of Manila is the oldest weather station in Asia, founded by the Jesuit priests in 1865. Its first director was Fr. Federico Faura. He also invented the barometer.
9. THE OBRAS PIAS
The Obras Pias were the first financial group in Manila. These were the funds donated by rich individuals in society to various religious orders. The obras pias served as banks which were run by the Spanish missionaries. They loaned money to businessmen who wanted to engage in the galleon-trade, and charged interests ranging from 20% to 50%. The profits and interests earned from this venture were donated to charity.
10. WRITERS
The Spanish friars were also noted linguists, grammarians, writers, playwrights, historians, poets, chroniclers, novelists, essayists, and biographers. They studied our native languages, and taught Filipinos in the local tongues, which helped in the preservation and development of native dialects like Tagalog, Ilocano, Cebuano and others. They even wrote books on religion, biographies, philisophy, literature, education, economics, grammar, history and the sciences, as well as dictionaries and books on early Filipino culture and languages.
11. PRINTERS
Filipinos learned the art of printing from the Spanish missionaries. The first printing press in the Philippines was introduced by the Dominican friars in Manila, in the year 1593. The first Filipino printer was Tomas Pinpin who, along with other Filipinos, trained under the Dominican printer, Fr. Francisco Blancas de San Jose in the art of printing. The first book printed in the Philippines was the Doctrina Christiana En Lengua Espanola y Tagala. It was published in Manila in 1593 by the Dominican friars.
12. LIBRARIANS and CURATORS
The first libraries and museums in the country were placed under the supervision of the missionaries, while our oldest existing museum was established at the University of Santo Tomas.
13. MUSICIANS
Many of the missionaries were artistically and musically inclined. Some of them taught music, and composed religious hymns for the church’s religious rights, The most famous musician was Fr. Diego Cerra, a Recollect priest who built the world famous Bamboo organ of Las Pinas in 1824. Today, it still exists as one of the oldest wonders of the world.
14. ARTISTS
Much of our knowledge in the sciences, arts, and letters came from Spain. European sculpture and painting were introduced in the Philippines by the early Spanish missionaries. During those days, our culture was highly influenced by religion, and this was often shown in different art forms like painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and in various kinds of plays.
Friday, October 15, 2010
Friday, October 1, 2010
ECONOMIC POLICIES UNDER THE SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
~THE GALLEON TRADE~
By the end of the 16th century, Philippine trade relations with other countriessuffered a setback. Spain closedour country to wolrd trade, brought about by the practice of mercantilism. We became preoccupied with the Manila-Acapulco trade, popularly known as the "Galleon trade." it was named after the trading ship that sailed from Acapulco Manila, and vice versa. This trading lasted for 200 years. It became a government monopoly, owned and run by the Spanish government. The galleon left Manila with a rich cargo of Chinese silk and porcelain; Philippine cloth, hemp, cigars, and wood carvings, and other oriental goods brought to Manila from Asian countries such as chinaware, perfumes, rugs, sandalwood, ivory, and spices. These goods were shipped to Acapulco, Mexico where they had a good market. The galleon trade then returned from Acapulco with a rich treasure of Mexican silver pesos, wines, wool, sardines, official documents, the royal subsidy, and new officials for the colony. It was a very profitable business for the Spanish merchants and corrupt government ofiicials who ran it. it ended in 1815 when Mexico revolted against Spain. In those days, anyone could engage in the galleon trade when he possessed a boleta, which was a ticket entitling a holder to ship his mercahandise to Mexico aboard the galleon. Each boleta cost 250 pesos. Those who joined the galleon trade were the governor general, members of the royal audiencia, widows of spanish officials, retired government officials, and the rich businessmen who were also given the opportunity to join. Some did not have enough money or capital, and sold their boletas at a higher price to these rich merchants, even it was against the law. It brought about unfavorable effects to the Philippine economy. The developement of our natural resources and industries was neglected because our government officials had their attention on the galleon. Some Filipinos came down from the provinces to conduct trade in Manila, while others served as estevedores- porters in the ports where the ship arrived. Along with the goods that arrived in the country also came new ideas. It fostered cultural exchanges between Spain and Mexico, and increased government revenues that helped sustain the administration of the colony.
> I'm not sure if some people are still doing this, but if there are, I'm sorry but I don't know. :(
~THE ROYAL SUBSIDY~
The Spanish colonial government found itself short of funds (even they were not really short) to support the expenses of the government. So they will write a letter for the king of Spain that they were short of funds. The King immediately sent the financial aid to Manila every year through the Mexican viceroy, because the Spain ruled us from Mexico until thev19th century. The average amount of royal subsidy , called the real situado, sent by the Mexican viceroy to the Philippines was 250,000 pesos. But it ended in 1821 after the Mexican revolution, when Mexico won its freedom from Spain.
> As it was said above, the royal subsidy ended we our not having this. But sometimes, when Philippines really needs help, some countries gives as a support that is like a royal subsidy.
~ OBRAS PIAS AND THE RISE OF BANKS~
The first financial groups in Manila were the Obras Pias. These were the funds donated by rich individuals in society to the various religious orders. The obras pias served as banks which were run by the Spanish missionaries. They loaned money to bussinessmen who wanted to engage in galleon trade, and charged interests ranging from 20% to 50%. When they loaned money you should give a colateral that if you did not pay your propertyis now the property of the government. The first Filipino bank was founded in Manila by Francisco Rodriguez in the year 1830. This bank, called the "Rodriguez bank" in honor of its founder, no longer exists today. The oldest existing bank in the Philippines is the Bank of the Philippine Islands. It started on August 1, 1851 originally as the Banco Espanol-Filipino.
> So this policy still exists today because until now we still have banks. :)
~TRIBUTES~
Filipinos were required to pay attributes or taxes, as a recognition of Spanish authority and to finance the expenses of the colonial government. Tributes were paid either in cash or in kind, like tobacco, rice, or vegetables. In 1570,each family paid 8 reales which was equivalent to 1 peso, while a single person paid only one-half peso. Later, this was increased to 15 reales. The total tax collector was appropriated for the construction of bridges, roads, public buildings, the improvement of transportation and communication, and other public works.A portion of this also went to the church. In 1884, the tribute was replaced by the poll tax or cedula, which was equivalent to the residence tax today. All Filipinos aged 18 years old and above were required to pay this tax. In exchange, they were given a residence certificate.
> Example: Until now we are paying taxes even if we buy foods in the stores.
~ BANDALA SYSTEM~
Under this system, the Filipinos wre required or forced to sell their agricultural products to the government. In return, they will recieve a promissory note that promises and says that they will pay you at this particular date and they will not pay you at all. The worst it they will sell it in a higher price and then you need it so you will buy it. All I can say is that the government in that time was really evil.They don't have pity to the Filipinos. The Filipios also works for them and nothing return to them.Oh my!!!!!!
> Some says that an example of this was also paying taxes because we are paying it forcedly.
~ FORCED LABOR~
Polo means forced labor. A person who performed this was called polista. All Filipino male 16 years old to 60 were required to do this for 40 days in a year. In 1884, this was reduced to 15 days. The polistas rendered free labor by erving soldiers or sailors in Spanish military expeditions; by building roads, bridges, churches, and cutting timbers in forests, which they later used in building galleon ships. Filipinos at that time also became good ship builders. However, certain Filipinos were exempted from performing polo. These were the members of the principalia or aristocracy, composed of local officials, the teachers, and rich individuals. In exchange for their exemption, they had to pay falla, a sum of money amounting to one and a half reales. It was equivalent to a day of forced labor. This practice had a negative impact on the Filipinos. Agricultural production was adversely affected because the men who worked on the fields were busy doing public works. They were forced to leave their families behind while they worked in far away places. Lastly, the workers were not paid just wages for their services. So about this, polistas were working for nothing!!
>Muro A'mi is an example of the forced labor. The children that performs this were forced to dive into the ocean to get pearls or corals. This children were the abandoned children.
~ TOBACCO MONOPOLY~
On March 1, 1782, the tobacco monopoly was established by governor general Jose Basco. Its aim is to increase government revenue because the annual subsidy received from Mexico was no longer sufficient to maintain the colony. As such, an order was isssued for the widespread cultivation of tobacco in the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Cagayan Valley, Ilocos and Marinduque. The government set the required number of tobacco plants that must be sold to them by each family, including the selling price. No one was allowed to keep even a few leaves for his personal use. Thus, the Filipinos were forced to buy their tobacco from the government. Those who disobeyed this regulation were fined. The tobacco monpoly succeeded in its goal of increasing government revenue. It also developed the Philippine tobacco industr. We became known in other countries as producer of quality tobacco products. On the other hand, this also resulted in food shortages because the planting of essential crops like rice was neglected. The people were prohibited by he government from raising crops other than tobacco. The system was finally abolished by Governeo General Primo de Rivera.
> This monopoly was abolished but Filipinos were still planting tobacco even it is dangerous for your health and the one who inhales this smoke.
~ THE ENCOMIENDA~
Taken from the Spanish word encomendar which means to entrust, the encomienda was a priviledge to had a right to control a certain territory including its recidence. There were two kinds of encomiendas: (a) Private encomiendas were those belonged to the King's officials and other Spaniards who contributed to the colonization of the Phlippines. (b) Royal encomiendas were those who belonged to the King of Spain, such as the Bagumbayan, which is now known as the Luneta. The encomienda system was eventually abolished at the turn 19th century due to complaints of abuses from the people.
~OPENING OF THE PHILIPPINES TO WORLD TRADE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT~
In the beginning, the Spaniards closed the country to the outside world for fear of foreign enemies or spies. However, this policy only worsened the economy, so on September 6, 1834, a royal decree was issued wherein Spain officialy opened the Philippines to world trade. This meant that goods from the Philippines may now be shipped abroad, in the same way that goods from foreign countries may also enter the Philippines directly. This new policy improved the Philippine economy. Accordingly, ports in various parts of the country were opened to foreign ships. As a result of this opening to world trade, foreign investment poured into the country. In the past, Spanish law banned foreigners, except the Chinese settlers, from living in the provinces or engaging in business in the Philippines. The Spaniards believe that money earned by a foreigner was a profit taken from thepocket of a spaniard.But with the trade liberalization, foreign businessmen were now allowed to do business in Manila and other places in the country. The first foreign merchant to establish a business and live in the Visayas region was Nicholas Loney of England. He arrived in Iloilo in 1855 and within a short time, became rich businessman. He helped develop the Philippine sugar industry.
~IMPROVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE~
The participation of hte Philippines in world trade resulted in increased agricultural production. The Philippines exported hemp, tobacco, sugar, and copra, among others. There were certain provinces that concentrated in the production of these products. Batangas became known for its coffee, Isabela for its tobacco, Laguna and Tayabas for their coconuts, bicol for itsabaca plantations and Negros for its sugar haciendas. The quantity and quality of our crops improved tremendously during the period. In addition, new methods in agriculture and new farming equipment were introduced.
~IMPROVEMENT IN THE STANDARD LIVING~
The trade between the Philippines and other countries resulted in an increased income, as well as a general improvement in their standard of living. Some peoplo can now afford to build stone houses with windows made of capiz shells and beautiful gardens. Others were able to buy imported goods like canned foods, shoes, hats, jewelries, pianos, and nice clothes. People began to decorate their houses with beautiful furniture, rugs,paintings and statues, typical of a western lifestyle. For travelling, they used housedrawn carriages, steamships, trains, and tranvias. With regard to dining, they learned to eat with spoons, forks, table knives, napkins, and crystal drinking glasses.
~TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION~
With the opening of Manila to world trade in 1834, the construction of roads and bridges became necessary to facilitatethe transportation of goods in the country. In 1846, the first farola or lighthouse was built at the mouth of Pasig river to guide ships at the sea. The first railroad in the Philippines was built in 1892 by a british company. It was called the Manila-Dagupan railway. The first street car called tranvia, which was pulled by horses began operations in Manila in 1893. The electrification in Manila then followed in 1895. In the field of communication, the first monthly mail service between Manila nad Hongkong started in February 1854; the first telegraph system in 1873;while the first cable connecting the Philippines to other countries was installed in 1880. Finally, the first telephone was installed in Manila in the year 1890.
By the end of the 16th century, Philippine trade relations with other countriessuffered a setback. Spain closedour country to wolrd trade, brought about by the practice of mercantilism. We became preoccupied with the Manila-Acapulco trade, popularly known as the "Galleon trade." it was named after the trading ship that sailed from Acapulco Manila, and vice versa. This trading lasted for 200 years. It became a government monopoly, owned and run by the Spanish government. The galleon left Manila with a rich cargo of Chinese silk and porcelain; Philippine cloth, hemp, cigars, and wood carvings, and other oriental goods brought to Manila from Asian countries such as chinaware, perfumes, rugs, sandalwood, ivory, and spices. These goods were shipped to Acapulco, Mexico where they had a good market. The galleon trade then returned from Acapulco with a rich treasure of Mexican silver pesos, wines, wool, sardines, official documents, the royal subsidy, and new officials for the colony. It was a very profitable business for the Spanish merchants and corrupt government ofiicials who ran it. it ended in 1815 when Mexico revolted against Spain. In those days, anyone could engage in the galleon trade when he possessed a boleta, which was a ticket entitling a holder to ship his mercahandise to Mexico aboard the galleon. Each boleta cost 250 pesos. Those who joined the galleon trade were the governor general, members of the royal audiencia, widows of spanish officials, retired government officials, and the rich businessmen who were also given the opportunity to join. Some did not have enough money or capital, and sold their boletas at a higher price to these rich merchants, even it was against the law. It brought about unfavorable effects to the Philippine economy. The developement of our natural resources and industries was neglected because our government officials had their attention on the galleon. Some Filipinos came down from the provinces to conduct trade in Manila, while others served as estevedores- porters in the ports where the ship arrived. Along with the goods that arrived in the country also came new ideas. It fostered cultural exchanges between Spain and Mexico, and increased government revenues that helped sustain the administration of the colony.
> I'm not sure if some people are still doing this, but if there are, I'm sorry but I don't know. :(
~THE ROYAL SUBSIDY~
The Spanish colonial government found itself short of funds (even they were not really short) to support the expenses of the government. So they will write a letter for the king of Spain that they were short of funds. The King immediately sent the financial aid to Manila every year through the Mexican viceroy, because the Spain ruled us from Mexico until thev19th century. The average amount of royal subsidy , called the real situado, sent by the Mexican viceroy to the Philippines was 250,000 pesos. But it ended in 1821 after the Mexican revolution, when Mexico won its freedom from Spain.
> As it was said above, the royal subsidy ended we our not having this. But sometimes, when Philippines really needs help, some countries gives as a support that is like a royal subsidy.
~ OBRAS PIAS AND THE RISE OF BANKS~
The first financial groups in Manila were the Obras Pias. These were the funds donated by rich individuals in society to the various religious orders. The obras pias served as banks which were run by the Spanish missionaries. They loaned money to bussinessmen who wanted to engage in galleon trade, and charged interests ranging from 20% to 50%. When they loaned money you should give a colateral that if you did not pay your propertyis now the property of the government. The first Filipino bank was founded in Manila by Francisco Rodriguez in the year 1830. This bank, called the "Rodriguez bank" in honor of its founder, no longer exists today. The oldest existing bank in the Philippines is the Bank of the Philippine Islands. It started on August 1, 1851 originally as the Banco Espanol-Filipino.
> So this policy still exists today because until now we still have banks. :)
~TRIBUTES~
Filipinos were required to pay attributes or taxes, as a recognition of Spanish authority and to finance the expenses of the colonial government. Tributes were paid either in cash or in kind, like tobacco, rice, or vegetables. In 1570,each family paid 8 reales which was equivalent to 1 peso, while a single person paid only one-half peso. Later, this was increased to 15 reales. The total tax collector was appropriated for the construction of bridges, roads, public buildings, the improvement of transportation and communication, and other public works.A portion of this also went to the church. In 1884, the tribute was replaced by the poll tax or cedula, which was equivalent to the residence tax today. All Filipinos aged 18 years old and above were required to pay this tax. In exchange, they were given a residence certificate.
> Example: Until now we are paying taxes even if we buy foods in the stores.
~ BANDALA SYSTEM~
Under this system, the Filipinos wre required or forced to sell their agricultural products to the government. In return, they will recieve a promissory note that promises and says that they will pay you at this particular date and they will not pay you at all. The worst it they will sell it in a higher price and then you need it so you will buy it. All I can say is that the government in that time was really evil.They don't have pity to the Filipinos. The Filipios also works for them and nothing return to them.Oh my!!!!!!
> Some says that an example of this was also paying taxes because we are paying it forcedly.
~ FORCED LABOR~
Polo means forced labor. A person who performed this was called polista. All Filipino male 16 years old to 60 were required to do this for 40 days in a year. In 1884, this was reduced to 15 days. The polistas rendered free labor by erving soldiers or sailors in Spanish military expeditions; by building roads, bridges, churches, and cutting timbers in forests, which they later used in building galleon ships. Filipinos at that time also became good ship builders. However, certain Filipinos were exempted from performing polo. These were the members of the principalia or aristocracy, composed of local officials, the teachers, and rich individuals. In exchange for their exemption, they had to pay falla, a sum of money amounting to one and a half reales. It was equivalent to a day of forced labor. This practice had a negative impact on the Filipinos. Agricultural production was adversely affected because the men who worked on the fields were busy doing public works. They were forced to leave their families behind while they worked in far away places. Lastly, the workers were not paid just wages for their services. So about this, polistas were working for nothing!!
>Muro A'mi is an example of the forced labor. The children that performs this were forced to dive into the ocean to get pearls or corals. This children were the abandoned children.
~ TOBACCO MONOPOLY~
On March 1, 1782, the tobacco monopoly was established by governor general Jose Basco. Its aim is to increase government revenue because the annual subsidy received from Mexico was no longer sufficient to maintain the colony. As such, an order was isssued for the widespread cultivation of tobacco in the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Cagayan Valley, Ilocos and Marinduque. The government set the required number of tobacco plants that must be sold to them by each family, including the selling price. No one was allowed to keep even a few leaves for his personal use. Thus, the Filipinos were forced to buy their tobacco from the government. Those who disobeyed this regulation were fined. The tobacco monpoly succeeded in its goal of increasing government revenue. It also developed the Philippine tobacco industr. We became known in other countries as producer of quality tobacco products. On the other hand, this also resulted in food shortages because the planting of essential crops like rice was neglected. The people were prohibited by he government from raising crops other than tobacco. The system was finally abolished by Governeo General Primo de Rivera.
> This monopoly was abolished but Filipinos were still planting tobacco even it is dangerous for your health and the one who inhales this smoke.
~ THE ENCOMIENDA~
Taken from the Spanish word encomendar which means to entrust, the encomienda was a priviledge to had a right to control a certain territory including its recidence. There were two kinds of encomiendas: (a) Private encomiendas were those belonged to the King's officials and other Spaniards who contributed to the colonization of the Phlippines. (b) Royal encomiendas were those who belonged to the King of Spain, such as the Bagumbayan, which is now known as the Luneta. The encomienda system was eventually abolished at the turn 19th century due to complaints of abuses from the people.
~OPENING OF THE PHILIPPINES TO WORLD TRADE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT~
In the beginning, the Spaniards closed the country to the outside world for fear of foreign enemies or spies. However, this policy only worsened the economy, so on September 6, 1834, a royal decree was issued wherein Spain officialy opened the Philippines to world trade. This meant that goods from the Philippines may now be shipped abroad, in the same way that goods from foreign countries may also enter the Philippines directly. This new policy improved the Philippine economy. Accordingly, ports in various parts of the country were opened to foreign ships. As a result of this opening to world trade, foreign investment poured into the country. In the past, Spanish law banned foreigners, except the Chinese settlers, from living in the provinces or engaging in business in the Philippines. The Spaniards believe that money earned by a foreigner was a profit taken from thepocket of a spaniard.But with the trade liberalization, foreign businessmen were now allowed to do business in Manila and other places in the country. The first foreign merchant to establish a business and live in the Visayas region was Nicholas Loney of England. He arrived in Iloilo in 1855 and within a short time, became rich businessman. He helped develop the Philippine sugar industry.
~IMPROVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE~
The participation of hte Philippines in world trade resulted in increased agricultural production. The Philippines exported hemp, tobacco, sugar, and copra, among others. There were certain provinces that concentrated in the production of these products. Batangas became known for its coffee, Isabela for its tobacco, Laguna and Tayabas for their coconuts, bicol for itsabaca plantations and Negros for its sugar haciendas. The quantity and quality of our crops improved tremendously during the period. In addition, new methods in agriculture and new farming equipment were introduced.
~IMPROVEMENT IN THE STANDARD LIVING~
The trade between the Philippines and other countries resulted in an increased income, as well as a general improvement in their standard of living. Some peoplo can now afford to build stone houses with windows made of capiz shells and beautiful gardens. Others were able to buy imported goods like canned foods, shoes, hats, jewelries, pianos, and nice clothes. People began to decorate their houses with beautiful furniture, rugs,paintings and statues, typical of a western lifestyle. For travelling, they used housedrawn carriages, steamships, trains, and tranvias. With regard to dining, they learned to eat with spoons, forks, table knives, napkins, and crystal drinking glasses.
~TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION~
With the opening of Manila to world trade in 1834, the construction of roads and bridges became necessary to facilitatethe transportation of goods in the country. In 1846, the first farola or lighthouse was built at the mouth of Pasig river to guide ships at the sea. The first railroad in the Philippines was built in 1892 by a british company. It was called the Manila-Dagupan railway. The first street car called tranvia, which was pulled by horses began operations in Manila in 1893. The electrification in Manila then followed in 1895. In the field of communication, the first monthly mail service between Manila nad Hongkong started in February 1854; the first telegraph system in 1873;while the first cable connecting the Philippines to other countries was installed in 1880. Finally, the first telephone was installed in Manila in the year 1890.
Monday, September 27, 2010
SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
> An important feature of the Spanish Colonial Government was the union of church and state, wherein the
clergy worked side by side and exerted great influence with and in the government. As a result of this
partnership during the Spanish time, the Catholic faith became the official religion of the country, and no
other religion is allowed.
> The Archbishop of Manila was the head of the church in those days. The Spanish Archbishop could act as
temporary governor-generals of the country.
> The parish priest or friar assisted the local officials in the administration of the province or town. He
consulted on all matters related to the community and church and he was so powerful that all officials and
townsfolk feared him.
> The Philippines was not ruled directly by the King of Spain. Like its other colonies, our country was first
ruled by the Council of the Indies, established by King Charles V in 1524. However, in 1863, it was replaced
by the Minister of the Colonies who then took the charge of colonial affairs. Our country was ruled by Spain
from its Mexican colony. our laws were issued by the Mexican Viceroy. Even our government officials, as
well as the additional soldiers who arrived in the country were from Mexico. This arrangement was broken
only after the Mexican Revolution, when Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821.
* CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT UNDER SPAIN *
> Our system of government then was characterized as a centralized monarchy, with the King of Spain as the
supreme authority.
> Governor General-highest official of the government who represented the King of Spain.
-he had vast powers.
- He possessed executive, legislative,military,judicial,and religious powers.
~ EXECUTIVE POWER
= he enforced the royal decrees and laws coming from Spain. He had a power not to implement this laws
if it will not fit and benefit him and for the colony. This was called the pwer of cumplase.
~ LEGISLATIVE POWER
= he had the authority to issue executive decrees and ordinances which had the force of law.
~ MILITARY POWER
= He was usually the military officer in the Spanish Army or Navy.
= He stood as the commander in chief of the colonial armed in those days.
~ JUDICIAL POWER
= he had the authority to jude the accused
= he stood as the president of the Royal Audiencia, the highest court in the country during the spanish
times.
~ RELIGIOUS POWER
= He held the power to appoint and remove government and church officials.
= He had ecclesiastical authority over church officials and missions. This was his duty as the Vice Royal
Patron.
* PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
> During the period of Spanish colonization, the Philippines was divided into encomiendas. In tome, this was
replaced by the provincial government.
> The provincial government was did=vided into two:
1.Alcaldia- referred to the peaceful provinces
- the highest official in the alcaldia was called thwe alcalde mayor, appointed by the governor
general. He enforced oall the laws issued fron Manila. He also acted as tax collector and judge.
He had the priviledge to engage in a trade called Indulto De Commercio.
2. Corregimiento- were the provinces which were not yet peaceful.
- governed by the corregidor
* CITY GOVERNMENT
> Ayuntamiento- a city government established by Legazpi
- governed by 12 councilors called cabildo, headed by the alcalde mayor.
* MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
> Pueblos or Towns were also called local governments.
> Provinces were divided into townsand these towns were headed by a gobernadorcillo. This is the highest
position that can be held by a Filipino during the Spanish era.
* BARANGAY GOVERNMENT
> The town was further divided into different barangays or barrios of about 50 families.
> A barangay was also called the local government and it was headed by a cabesa de barangay.
> The town or barangay officials were not given salary, but they were given a privileges such as exemption
from polo and tribute. Thier main duty was to collect taxes.
clergy worked side by side and exerted great influence with and in the government. As a result of this
partnership during the Spanish time, the Catholic faith became the official religion of the country, and no
other religion is allowed.
> The Archbishop of Manila was the head of the church in those days. The Spanish Archbishop could act as
temporary governor-generals of the country.
> The parish priest or friar assisted the local officials in the administration of the province or town. He
consulted on all matters related to the community and church and he was so powerful that all officials and
townsfolk feared him.
> The Philippines was not ruled directly by the King of Spain. Like its other colonies, our country was first
ruled by the Council of the Indies, established by King Charles V in 1524. However, in 1863, it was replaced
by the Minister of the Colonies who then took the charge of colonial affairs. Our country was ruled by Spain
from its Mexican colony. our laws were issued by the Mexican Viceroy. Even our government officials, as
well as the additional soldiers who arrived in the country were from Mexico. This arrangement was broken
only after the Mexican Revolution, when Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821.
* CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT UNDER SPAIN *
> Our system of government then was characterized as a centralized monarchy, with the King of Spain as the
supreme authority.
> Governor General-highest official of the government who represented the King of Spain.
-he had vast powers.
- He possessed executive, legislative,military,judicial,and religious powers.
~ EXECUTIVE POWER
= he enforced the royal decrees and laws coming from Spain. He had a power not to implement this laws
if it will not fit and benefit him and for the colony. This was called the pwer of cumplase.
~ LEGISLATIVE POWER
= he had the authority to issue executive decrees and ordinances which had the force of law.
~ MILITARY POWER
= He was usually the military officer in the Spanish Army or Navy.
= He stood as the commander in chief of the colonial armed in those days.
~ JUDICIAL POWER
= he had the authority to jude the accused
= he stood as the president of the Royal Audiencia, the highest court in the country during the spanish
times.
~ RELIGIOUS POWER
= He held the power to appoint and remove government and church officials.
= He had ecclesiastical authority over church officials and missions. This was his duty as the Vice Royal
Patron.
* PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
> During the period of Spanish colonization, the Philippines was divided into encomiendas. In tome, this was
replaced by the provincial government.
> The provincial government was did=vided into two:
1.Alcaldia- referred to the peaceful provinces
- the highest official in the alcaldia was called thwe alcalde mayor, appointed by the governor
general. He enforced oall the laws issued fron Manila. He also acted as tax collector and judge.
He had the priviledge to engage in a trade called Indulto De Commercio.
2. Corregimiento- were the provinces which were not yet peaceful.
- governed by the corregidor
* CITY GOVERNMENT
> Ayuntamiento- a city government established by Legazpi
- governed by 12 councilors called cabildo, headed by the alcalde mayor.
* MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
> Pueblos or Towns were also called local governments.
> Provinces were divided into townsand these towns were headed by a gobernadorcillo. This is the highest
position that can be held by a Filipino during the Spanish era.
* BARANGAY GOVERNMENT
> The town was further divided into different barangays or barrios of about 50 families.
> A barangay was also called the local government and it was headed by a cabesa de barangay.
> The town or barangay officials were not given salary, but they were given a privileges such as exemption
from polo and tribute. Thier main duty was to collect taxes.
Friday, August 20, 2010
SOCIAL RELEVANCE OF THE FILM TO OUR PRESENT SOCIETY
We should also be a good example and a model like what Jose Rizal and other Filipions did. We can show our love for our country through fighting but also in simple ways like taking care of our natural resources, buying the products of the Philippines, singing our national anthem wholeheartedly, being proud of our nationality and many more. We should also obey our parents and study hard to hava a successful life.
That’s all!!
That’s all!!
HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FILM
The life of Jose Rizal and the other Filipinos is very important to our history because without them, maybe until now we still don’t have democracy and independence. The film also tells us why we consider Jose Rizal as our national hero and how he and other Filipinos defend our country even in death.
CHARACTERS AND THEIR ROLES
1. Cesar Montano as Jose Rizal
He is the main character. He is the one who fights through his words and novels.
2. Jaime Fabregas as Luis Taviel de Andrade
He is the defender of Rizal.
3.Joel Torre as Crisostomo Ibarra/ Simoun
One of the characters in the novel of Rizal.
4.Gloria Diaz as Tedora Alonzo
She is the mother of Rizal.
5.Gardo Versoza as Andres Bonifacio
He is the leader of the KKK.
6.Monique Wilson as Maria Clara
7.Chin Chin Gutierrez as Josephine Bracken
She’s been a part of Rizal’s love life.
8. Mickey Ferriols as Leonor Rivera
She is one of Rizal’s cousins and been part of Rizal’s love life.
9.Pen Medina as Paciano
He is the brother of Rizal.
10. Peque Gallaga as Archbishop
He is the main character. He is the one who fights through his words and novels.
2. Jaime Fabregas as Luis Taviel de Andrade
He is the defender of Rizal.
3.Joel Torre as Crisostomo Ibarra/ Simoun
One of the characters in the novel of Rizal.
4.Gloria Diaz as Tedora Alonzo
She is the mother of Rizal.
5.Gardo Versoza as Andres Bonifacio
He is the leader of the KKK.
6.Monique Wilson as Maria Clara
7.Chin Chin Gutierrez as Josephine Bracken
She’s been a part of Rizal’s love life.
8. Mickey Ferriols as Leonor Rivera
She is one of Rizal’s cousins and been part of Rizal’s love life.
9.Pen Medina as Paciano
He is the brother of Rizal.
10. Peque Gallaga as Archbishop
SUMMARY OF THE FILM (FILM REVIEW)
The movie tells the life of Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda that was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861. He is the national hero of the Philippines. The movie introduces us the life of the Filipino people under the rule of the Spaniards. It started in the execution of three Filipino priests in 1872, to the harsh and unequal treatment of Filipino students in the schools and to Filipino women. We see scenes from Rizal’s actual life but also from his imagination, his novels.
As a young man, Jose is sent to study in Spain. This is the plan by his brother Paciano. Jose will write and do everything to show the world the abuses of Spanish power in the Philippines, while Paciano protects their family at home. Jose excels in his studies as a medical student at Madrid University of the Philippines and earns a degree as an ophthalmic surgeon. Later on, he becomes involved with a group of radical Filipino students who also seeks the end of the abuses of the Spaniards. Then he decide to return to the Philippines.
He is arrested by the Spanish authorities upon his return to the Philippines in 1892. He is sent to Dapitan in Mindanao where the Spanish authorities can keep a watchful an on him. There he meets the love of his life, Josephine Bracken. They had a son but died after he was born. When a rebellion breaks out in 1896 the Spanish governor orders that Rizal be moved to the prison in Manila.
It is here that Rizal is introduced to Luis Taviel who has been appointed to defend him at his trial. Taviel is a Spanish officer who at first mistrusts Rizal and views him as a dangerous revolutionary. Most of the movie takes place in Rizal’s prison cell and involves Taviel asking questions about his life. Eventually, Taviel learns to respect Rizal and he decides to do his best in defending him.
The evil head of the Franciscan order in Manila arranges for a new governor to take over a control of the Philippines. They sais that whatever happens Rizal must die. Despite of his best efforts, Taviel cannot save Rizal from his fate. Taviel also admits to Rizal that he was ashamed that he was a Spaniard.
On the night before the execution, Rizal is confronted by his own character from his novel. Simoun urges Rizal to rewrite him so his mission can be for a higher purpose. And so in his final work, Rizal pens “Mi Ultimate Adios” knowing full well that his death will light the torch of the Filipino Revolution.
The final few scenes show Rizal bring out to the execution ground. He requests to face the firing squad but he is denied. The Spanish want to shoot him in his back traitor. But as he is shot full of bullets, he manages to turn as he falls so that he lands facing the sky.
THE END!
As a young man, Jose is sent to study in Spain. This is the plan by his brother Paciano. Jose will write and do everything to show the world the abuses of Spanish power in the Philippines, while Paciano protects their family at home. Jose excels in his studies as a medical student at Madrid University of the Philippines and earns a degree as an ophthalmic surgeon. Later on, he becomes involved with a group of radical Filipino students who also seeks the end of the abuses of the Spaniards. Then he decide to return to the Philippines.
He is arrested by the Spanish authorities upon his return to the Philippines in 1892. He is sent to Dapitan in Mindanao where the Spanish authorities can keep a watchful an on him. There he meets the love of his life, Josephine Bracken. They had a son but died after he was born. When a rebellion breaks out in 1896 the Spanish governor orders that Rizal be moved to the prison in Manila.
It is here that Rizal is introduced to Luis Taviel who has been appointed to defend him at his trial. Taviel is a Spanish officer who at first mistrusts Rizal and views him as a dangerous revolutionary. Most of the movie takes place in Rizal’s prison cell and involves Taviel asking questions about his life. Eventually, Taviel learns to respect Rizal and he decides to do his best in defending him.
The evil head of the Franciscan order in Manila arranges for a new governor to take over a control of the Philippines. They sais that whatever happens Rizal must die. Despite of his best efforts, Taviel cannot save Rizal from his fate. Taviel also admits to Rizal that he was ashamed that he was a Spaniard.
On the night before the execution, Rizal is confronted by his own character from his novel. Simoun urges Rizal to rewrite him so his mission can be for a higher purpose. And so in his final work, Rizal pens “Mi Ultimate Adios” knowing full well that his death will light the torch of the Filipino Revolution.
The final few scenes show Rizal bring out to the execution ground. He requests to face the firing squad but he is denied. The Spanish want to shoot him in his back traitor. But as he is shot full of bullets, he manages to turn as he falls so that he lands facing the sky.
THE END!
TEACHINGS AND PRACTICES OF ISLAMS
They believe in one God whom they call “ Allah”. A muslim believer must also know by heart the teachings of their holy book called Qur’an.
>>PRACTICES<<> You can see more on the other blog that I’ve post entitled “COMPARISON OF CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM FAITH”
>>PRACTICES<<> You can see more on the other blog that I’ve post entitled “COMPARISON OF CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM FAITH”
COMPARISON OF CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM FAITH
1. The Islam calls their God “Allah” but for Christians, we call our God “Lord,” “Jesus,” “Christ”. I am not sure if they are only God with different names but the important is I believe God. :)
2. The Islam calls their worship place “Mosque” but for Christians, we call it “Church”. Islam has a tradition that when they enter the Mosque, they should remove their footwear. It is because, they believe that the worship place should be clean and it is holy. But for me, as a Christian, I believe that we should also maintain the cleanliness of our heart and mind.
3. The Islam calls their alms, Zakat or giving something to the poor and needy. But in Christianity, we call this Tithes and Offering. We give back the 10% of our income, allowance and many more (tithes). You can also give whatever amount that you are willing to give. But if you don’t have any of these, just offer your life to God and accept Him as your Lord and Savior.
4. Islam calls their holy book “Qur’an”. But in Christianity, we call this “Bible.” I can’t explain this too much because I’ve never read a Qur’an before.
5. The Islam prays 5 times in a day called “Salat.” This is done in the morning-Salat ul Fajar, noon- Salat ul Zuhr, afternoon- Salat ul Asr, evening- Salat ul Maghrib, and night- Salat ul Isha. As a Christian, I really don’t have a specific number of how many times I pray in a day. The important is you can talk to God anywhere and anytime because He is always there to listen.
> But after all the differences of the Christianity and Islam faith, whatever their religion, beliefs and practices is, we should respect it!<
That’s all!
2. The Islam calls their worship place “Mosque” but for Christians, we call it “Church”. Islam has a tradition that when they enter the Mosque, they should remove their footwear. It is because, they believe that the worship place should be clean and it is holy. But for me, as a Christian, I believe that we should also maintain the cleanliness of our heart and mind.
3. The Islam calls their alms, Zakat or giving something to the poor and needy. But in Christianity, we call this Tithes and Offering. We give back the 10% of our income, allowance and many more (tithes). You can also give whatever amount that you are willing to give. But if you don’t have any of these, just offer your life to God and accept Him as your Lord and Savior.
4. Islam calls their holy book “Qur’an”. But in Christianity, we call this “Bible.” I can’t explain this too much because I’ve never read a Qur’an before.
5. The Islam prays 5 times in a day called “Salat.” This is done in the morning-Salat ul Fajar, noon- Salat ul Zuhr, afternoon- Salat ul Asr, evening- Salat ul Maghrib, and night- Salat ul Isha. As a Christian, I really don’t have a specific number of how many times I pray in a day. The important is you can talk to God anywhere and anytime because He is always there to listen.
> But after all the differences of the Christianity and Islam faith, whatever their religion, beliefs and practices is, we should respect it!<
That’s all!
SIR NOEL PLS READ THIS...
Dear Sir Noel:
Im very sorry but Patricia cannot post the blogs that you required her to pass.
She finished typing everything but unfortunately, the computer hanged then all of the blogs that she typed has been erased. We do not have our own internet and it is already late at night for her to stay in the shop so I told her to just retype everything tomorrow morning. And post it to you as soon as possible.
I hope that you'll be considerated enough to understand what had happen. She is now fully stressed after the exams and she needs to rest.
Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
Mrs. Jaylanie A. Policarpio
Aug. 20,2010 9:30 p.m.
Im very sorry but Patricia cannot post the blogs that you required her to pass.
She finished typing everything but unfortunately, the computer hanged then all of the blogs that she typed has been erased. We do not have our own internet and it is already late at night for her to stay in the shop so I told her to just retype everything tomorrow morning. And post it to you as soon as possible.
I hope that you'll be considerated enough to understand what had happen. She is now fully stressed after the exams and she needs to rest.
Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
Mrs. Jaylanie A. Policarpio
Aug. 20,2010 9:30 p.m.
Saturday, July 31, 2010
Customs of the early Filipinos that are still in practice at present
1. Mano po-refers to a physical gesture of taking a hand of an elder and bringing
it towards your forehead.
2. "Kuya" or "Ate" -very big on respect
- the term kuya refers to a older male person; it means ' big brother'
- the feminine form is ate which is directed towards an older
female person; it means ' big sister'
3. The power of the eyebrows - raising your eyebrows can also communicte a positive
affirmation of "yes" when a yes/no question has been asked.
4. The lips give direction- by puckering their lips and facing a certain direction, they are using
their lips to point to communicate a certain direction.
5. Food at every gathering- whether it be a grand party or just informal meeting, Filipinos
express their hospitality and friendship through the serving of food.
6. Take your shoes off when entering a Filipino home- by taking your shoes off when entering a
Filipino home, you are conveying outmost respect towards the owners of
the property. You are showing them that you care about their property
and have the desire to maintain its cleanliness.
7. Hellos and Goodbyes cannot be taken for garanted- you must greet everyone "hello" at
every meeting and say "good-bye" at each farewell.
8. Simbang gabi
9. 12 round fruits
This are some of the filipino customs that are still in practice. That's all! :)
it towards your forehead.
2. "Kuya" or "Ate" -very big on respect
- the term kuya refers to a older male person; it means ' big brother'
- the feminine form is ate which is directed towards an older
female person; it means ' big sister'
3. The power of the eyebrows - raising your eyebrows can also communicte a positive
affirmation of "yes" when a yes/no question has been asked.
4. The lips give direction- by puckering their lips and facing a certain direction, they are using
their lips to point to communicate a certain direction.
5. Food at every gathering- whether it be a grand party or just informal meeting, Filipinos
express their hospitality and friendship through the serving of food.
6. Take your shoes off when entering a Filipino home- by taking your shoes off when entering a
Filipino home, you are conveying outmost respect towards the owners of
the property. You are showing them that you care about their property
and have the desire to maintain its cleanliness.
7. Hellos and Goodbyes cannot be taken for garanted- you must greet everyone "hello" at
every meeting and say "good-bye" at each farewell.
8. Simbang gabi
9. 12 round fruits
This are some of the filipino customs that are still in practice. That's all! :)
TAKING PRIDE OF OUR ORIGIN
I am very proud that I am a Filipino. It is because of our desirable traits.
1. The gracious welcome to our visitors.
- every guest is accepted wholeheartedlyand warmly entertained
2. Close family ties.
- having family reunions so you will be more close to your relatives
3. Courtesy.
- using po, opo, oho and mano system (hand blessing) are ways to show respect
4. Creative and artistic.
- we always recycle things that are unused and make it useful and beautiful
5. Hardworking.
- Filipinos work hard for their family
This 5 are some examples of our desirable traits. I am also proud for being a Filipino because of our natural resources and the beautiful places here in the Philppines.
That's all! :)
1. The gracious welcome to our visitors.
- every guest is accepted wholeheartedlyand warmly entertained
2. Close family ties.
- having family reunions so you will be more close to your relatives
3. Courtesy.
- using po, opo, oho and mano system (hand blessing) are ways to show respect
4. Creative and artistic.
- we always recycle things that are unused and make it useful and beautiful
5. Hardworking.
- Filipinos work hard for their family
This 5 are some examples of our desirable traits. I am also proud for being a Filipino because of our natural resources and the beautiful places here in the Philppines.
That's all! :)
Friday, July 9, 2010
2.SIGNIFICANTS OF NATURAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES OF THE PHILIPPINES TO OUR NATION
Human and natural resourcesare both important. It is because without human resources no one will be in charge in taking care and handling all of the natural resources. And without natural resources, human cannot live. Because we can get food and our basic needs in the natural resources of the Philippines to our nation.
That's all.
That's all.
1.EFFECTS OF POPULATION EXPLOSION
One of the effects of population explosion is poverty. For example: A family with more than 4 children.the earnings of the father or mother will not be sufficient to provide the needs of the family such as the food and especially the education of the children. Another effect of the population explosion is the lack of employment. Because of this people are tempted to steal and to holdap a person. That's all that I can say about the effects of population explosion.
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
June 22
.....
oh my!!!!
there's so many assignments, quizzes, recitation and things you need to memorize!!!!
it's so hard to understand our lessons , especially on math subject!!
and its very very hot!!!so i've been easily irritated and plus, the noise inside our claassroom!!
all ican say to my classmates boys is that they are so naughty and very very noisy. They are nosier than the girls!!
Oh no!!
oh my!!!!
there's so many assignments, quizzes, recitation and things you need to memorize!!!!
it's so hard to understand our lessons , especially on math subject!!
and its very very hot!!!so i've been easily irritated and plus, the noise inside our claassroom!!
all ican say to my classmates boys is that they are so naughty and very very noisy. They are nosier than the girls!!
Oh no!!
Tuesday, June 22, 2010
june 20-21
so again we have many assignments and a lot of things to study. Now I realize how hard to be a highshcool student. Today, June 21, I reported now on our social studies and I'm glad bec. for me it's a success!
This day is fun and I've learn so many things...
uhhmmm.... Ithink that's all for now because I'm gonna study and find a news...
bye!!
This day is fun and I've learn so many things...
uhhmmm.... Ithink that's all for now because I'm gonna study and find a news...
bye!!
Friday, June 18, 2010
1st- 4th days of school
we are now 28 on our class.
we have so many assignments for us to do everyday!!!
but its fun and enjoy every school day of our class...
:D
we have so many assignments for us to do everyday!!!
but its fun and enjoy every school day of our class...
:D
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)