United Nations

United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.

There are currently 193 member states, including every internationally recognised sovereign state in the world but the Vatican City. From its offices around the world, the UN and its specialized agencies decide on substantive and administrative issues in regular meetings held throughout the year. The organization has six principal organs: the General Assembly; the Security Council ; the Economic and Social Council; the Secretariat; the International Court of Justice; and the United Nations Trusteeship Council . Other prominent UN System agencies include the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme and United Nations Children's Fund . The UN's most visible public figure is the Secretary-General, currently Ban Ki-moon of South Korea, who attained the post in 2007.

The United Nations Headquarters resides in international territory in New York City, with further main offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states, and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

Goals

UNDP promotes inclusive and sustainable human development and works to reduce poverty in all its dimensions. We focus our efforts on making growth and trade benefit everyone in developing countries.
Document Summary

The Millennium Development Goals originate from the Millennium Declaration, endorsed by 189 world leaders at the UN in September 2000. Over the past decade, the world has made impressive progress towards achieving these goals, yet some countries are lagging and many of them may not be able to reach their goals by 2015.
Protecting advances that have already been made, as well as accelerating and sustaining progress requires far-reaching changes. In the face of global shocks, crises and climate change, reducing the vulnerability of nations takes on renewed importance. In this context, UNDP focuses its poverty reduction efforts on supporting countries to accelerate progress towards MDGs and making growth and trade work for everyone.


~~댑악! ^^~

Reaction~ BATANG MANSISIBAK

This film is about the children in Pierre 18 Vitas Tondo Maynila that serves as scavengers and merchants of garbage in Manila Bay where all the garbage of Manila goes. I’m kind of amazed of those children because…wow! They can swim on such a dirty and yucky water just to earn money. I can’t even imagine myself swimming on that water. But it is only my opinion but for them, those garbage are like gold or riches that they will swim for it just to get those plastics and metals even they drink the water with the mixture of oil, urine, and garbage. They are really helpful to their parents especially Arnold and Buboy Garcia because when they earned money after selling it to the junk shop, they never forgot to give a part of their money to their parents to help them and for their food. Arnold, the older one is still studying and never forgot to have an ambition which is to be a doctor, for him to help others. However, Buboy stopped studying because he cannot take the harsh words of his classmates to him. I’m amazed at them, of course, pity and the feeling of compassion for them will never disappear. It is because at an early age of 10 and 9 they already have abnormalities in their blood, heart, kidneys, sugar, and their body system. I feel sad for them because they should work and live that way just to earn money at such a young age.

I realized that we should be thankful because we don’t need to collect those garbage and swim in Manila Bay to be able to eat and earn money. And we should also not forget to help our family even in the hardest times of our life because they are the one who will love you and care for you in anytime. That’s all! ^^

Reaction~ BATANG KALABAW

The film is all about 13 children that serve like a carabao. They go up in the mountain for more than three hours to get the woods weighing 15-20 kilos and with the length of 8 feet and go down the mountain to earn money. As I watched the film, I’m amazed of those children because they can balance the wood and themselves even if it is slippery in going down the mountain. In spite of their difficulties doing works not suited for them, they never forget to be happy. I also felt so sorry, sad, disappointed and annoyed. It seems that I am the one carrying those woods because… I don’t know why, but I felt so tired and weary after I watched the film.

I don’t know why they should live and work that way even they are still so young and they don’t even have the opportunity to study. I’m really disappointed that there are such children. Maybe the government don’t know about it or maybe they really don’t pay much attention to it. As it is said that the condition of the children is a reflection of the condition of our country so these children in Agusan Del Sur is just one of the more than 92 million population in Philippines that experiences that kind of life. I’m annoyed because their mother lives comfortably while they are suffering, especially Cherilyn that serves as the mother of her five siblings, do the household chores and take all the responsibilities of her mother at the age of 14. I know that their mother has a disorder in her mind, but I can really say that she is such an irresponsible mother. I’m also curious if Cherilyn and her siblings don’t have any other relatives who may take care and adapt them. Maybe they have, but those relatives don’t care or maybe they don’t know about it. And those people that pays the 13 children with a maximum amount of 12 pesos, why don’t they try to do the work of the children and see if they deserve that small amount of money. Do they think that the amount of money they give are enough for all the efforts and hardships of those children? I’m really pissed off on such persons that don’t even have a concern or maybe just a little care for those children.

After I watched the film, I realized that we are really blessed because we don’t live, work or earn money that way; that we may study in a good school, we eat three times a day, we have parents that supports us and that we live comfortably. I realized that we should not waste these opportunities because not all of us were given those opportunities even they wanted to. Don’t waste it and use it in the most special way and give your best in fulfilling those opportunities before it is too late. Thank God that you are blessed, but you are blessed to be a blessing to others so I hope that we and the government may help those children and other people who experiences that kind of life. That’s all. ^^

~ COLLABORATION OF FILIPINOS AND AMERICANS~

Isabelo Artacho wanted the 400,000 paid by Spain to be divided among them, but Emilio Aguinaldo is against it. Artacho filed a lawsuit against Aguinaldo in the Supreme Court of Hongkong. Then, Aguinaldo left with Gregorio del Pilar and J. Leyba for Saigon to avoid the litigation proceedings. They sailed to Singapore where Aguinaldo and Howard Bray were able to talk with each other on April 23, 1898. E. Spencer Pratt was the Unites States Consul based in Singapore who was along time resident of the Philippines. Pratt urged Aguinaldo to help the Americans defeat the Spaniards in the country. Aguinaldo believed that the Americans could help win the Philippine independence so he return to the Philippines and lead an armed revolution against Spain. Aguinaldo suggested the establishment of a dictatorial government upon his arrival to Manila, to be replaced one peace has settled after the war, with a type of government similar to that of the United States. In preparation for his (Aguinaldo) return to the Philippines, he entrusted Wildman with 50,000 pesos and 67,00 pesos in two separate instances, for the purchase of weapons needed in the revolution. The first amount is used, but the second one never arrived and not returned to the Filipinos. On May 4, 1898, the Filipino members of the Hong Kong Junta had a meeting to discuss the events taking place in the Philippines. The Junta agreed that Aguinaldo should return to the Philippines to lead an uprising against the Spaniards.

= I think Aguinaldo didn't think that well. He shouldn't entrusted the money to a foreigner. Because of that, they just wasted a large amount of money. In this case, you should THINK TWICE and WISELY before you act.

~ THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF THE BONIFACIO BROTHERS~

~ On April 29, 1897, the War Council was established to try the Bonifacio brothers in a military court. It was composed of General Mariano Noriel as President; and General Tomas Mascardo, Crisostomo Riel, Placido Martinez, Mariano Riego de Dios, Esteban Ynfante, and Sulficio Antonio as its members. Andres and Procopio were found guilty of sedition and sentenced death by the court. On May 8, Aguinaldo commuted their death sentence to life imprisonment, but his military advisers prevailed upon him to carry out the original verdict in order to preserve the unity of the revolutionary movement under one leader. Thus, on May 10, 1897, General Noriel handed a letter to Major Lazaro Makapagal, along with instruction to bring the Bonifacio brothers to Mt. Buntis near Marogondon, Cavite. Carrying the General's letter, Makapagal and four soldiers brought their two prisoners to Mt. Buntis. After reading the letter, they shot the Bonifacio brothers and buried them in a shallow grave, with nothing but wooden branches planted on the ground to mark the spot.
~ It's too bad that they died. But,at least,they died fighting for the country.

~ THE CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN (Balintawak)~

~On the night of the katipunan's discovery, Bonifacio and his men escaped to the hills of Balintawak, a place north of Manila. Pio Valenzuela was left behind, but he was able to join them the next day. All the men held a meeting at the house of Melchora Aquino's son, Juan Ramos, on August 23, 1896. Here, the Katipuneros reached a decision to fight the Spaniards for the country's freedom. Bonifacio and the others tore thier residence certificates (cedula), and shouted "Mabuhay ang Pilipinas! Mabuhay ang Kalayaan!" This event marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 against Spain.
~ The Cry of Pugad Lawin is a way to mark the change

~ TEACHINGS OF THE KATIPUNAN~

~Emilio Jacinto wrote the Kartilla, or the teachings of the Katipunan. The Kartilla is derived from the Spanish word Cartilla, which means "primer for elementary students." It was composed of 13 rules, which are as follows:

I. A life not devoted to a worthy cause is like a tree without leaves.
- Life is compared to a tree. The leaves are the worthy cause. What will happen if the tree
have no leaves, for sure it will die. So, when you are not devoted to a worthy cause, you are
like a dead and cold person that can't do anything.
II.A good deed that was not done sincerely is not considered a virtue.
- You should help even in little ways with the sincerity of your heart. You should not expect
anything in return when you've helped someone.
III.Real virtue lies not only in charity and love for neighbor, but also in the purity of one's
thoughts, words,and actions.
- To show a real virtue is not only when you've help someone but also in what your intention
is and how pure it is.
IV. All men are equal, regardless of race, color, and culture.
- We are all equal, no one is greater than other. It doesn't matter if you have dark or a fair
skin, if you are tall or not, if you do something this and that way, but what matters is that
we are all brothers and sisters in the sight of God.
V. A wise man values abstinence over indulgence.
VI.A person with delicadeza knows how to keep his words.
- If your a person with delicadeza you should always watch your words.
VII.Never waste time; opportunities that passed by may come again, but time passed can never
be brought back.
- Time is gold. Never waste it because you can't go to the past and return the time in the
past.
VIII. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.
- Don't be a traitor.
IX. An intelligent person exercises prudence in his words, and knows how to keep a secret.
- Secret is a secret. Always Watch your words.
X. A man serves as a model to his wife and children; thus, the leader who is headed in the wrong
direction also leads his followers astray.
- It is like a train that when the first car go to the wrong direction all of the carts will go to the
wrong way.
XI. Do not look at a woman as a source of pleasure, but as a partner in one's joys and sorrows;
remember your mother who brought you up since you were a baby.
XII. What you do not want done unto your own wife, daughter and sister do not do unto the wife,
daughter and sister of others.
- It is like the golden rule that says " Do not do unto others what you don't want others do it
unto you.
XIII. A person's worth does not depend on being a king, priest, or having a high position in
society, nor in the shape of one's nose, or color of your skin. It is found in his goodness,
honor, and pure intentions; in those who do not abuse nor allow themselves to be abused;
and in those who know concern and love for one's country.
- Do not just look on the outward appearance of a person, look on their inner appearance, and
in their hearts.

~ RESULTS OF PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT~

~The martyrdom of the three priests awakened the consciousness of the people to the cruelty and oppression of the Spanish regime. In 1872, Filipino exiles residing in Spain and other foreign cities secretly collaborated with a group of Filipino intellectuals (or illustrado) living in the Philippines to start a peaceful campaign for reforms, which became known as the Propaganda Movement. In existence for 25 years (1872-1896), the Propaganda Movement began with the death of the GomBurZa martyrs and ended with the execution of Rizal.It achieved only minor reforms during its time such as the abolition of the tobacco monopoly; the replacement of the tribute with the cedula tax; and the reduction of forced labor from 40 days to 15 days in a year. However, the propagandists failed to convince the Spanish hierarchy to carry out major reforms in the Philippines. Instead, the members of the movement were arrested, prompting them to flee the country and escape persecution. Meanwhile, the Filipinos were prohibited from reading Rizal's two novels, as well as the published essays or articles written by other reformists. The curtailment of the freedom press and assembly were also strictly enforced.
~ Even the propaganda movement failed to achieve their minor goals, it is okay because they still helped the Filipinos in other ways.