~ COLLABORATION OF FILIPINOS AND AMERICANS~

Isabelo Artacho wanted the 400,000 paid by Spain to be divided among them, but Emilio Aguinaldo is against it. Artacho filed a lawsuit against Aguinaldo in the Supreme Court of Hongkong. Then, Aguinaldo left with Gregorio del Pilar and J. Leyba for Saigon to avoid the litigation proceedings. They sailed to Singapore where Aguinaldo and Howard Bray were able to talk with each other on April 23, 1898. E. Spencer Pratt was the Unites States Consul based in Singapore who was along time resident of the Philippines. Pratt urged Aguinaldo to help the Americans defeat the Spaniards in the country. Aguinaldo believed that the Americans could help win the Philippine independence so he return to the Philippines and lead an armed revolution against Spain. Aguinaldo suggested the establishment of a dictatorial government upon his arrival to Manila, to be replaced one peace has settled after the war, with a type of government similar to that of the United States. In preparation for his (Aguinaldo) return to the Philippines, he entrusted Wildman with 50,000 pesos and 67,00 pesos in two separate instances, for the purchase of weapons needed in the revolution. The first amount is used, but the second one never arrived and not returned to the Filipinos. On May 4, 1898, the Filipino members of the Hong Kong Junta had a meeting to discuss the events taking place in the Philippines. The Junta agreed that Aguinaldo should return to the Philippines to lead an uprising against the Spaniards.

= I think Aguinaldo didn't think that well. He shouldn't entrusted the money to a foreigner. Because of that, they just wasted a large amount of money. In this case, you should THINK TWICE and WISELY before you act.

~ THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF THE BONIFACIO BROTHERS~

~ On April 29, 1897, the War Council was established to try the Bonifacio brothers in a military court. It was composed of General Mariano Noriel as President; and General Tomas Mascardo, Crisostomo Riel, Placido Martinez, Mariano Riego de Dios, Esteban Ynfante, and Sulficio Antonio as its members. Andres and Procopio were found guilty of sedition and sentenced death by the court. On May 8, Aguinaldo commuted their death sentence to life imprisonment, but his military advisers prevailed upon him to carry out the original verdict in order to preserve the unity of the revolutionary movement under one leader. Thus, on May 10, 1897, General Noriel handed a letter to Major Lazaro Makapagal, along with instruction to bring the Bonifacio brothers to Mt. Buntis near Marogondon, Cavite. Carrying the General's letter, Makapagal and four soldiers brought their two prisoners to Mt. Buntis. After reading the letter, they shot the Bonifacio brothers and buried them in a shallow grave, with nothing but wooden branches planted on the ground to mark the spot.
~ It's too bad that they died. But,at least,they died fighting for the country.

~ THE CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN (Balintawak)~

~On the night of the katipunan's discovery, Bonifacio and his men escaped to the hills of Balintawak, a place north of Manila. Pio Valenzuela was left behind, but he was able to join them the next day. All the men held a meeting at the house of Melchora Aquino's son, Juan Ramos, on August 23, 1896. Here, the Katipuneros reached a decision to fight the Spaniards for the country's freedom. Bonifacio and the others tore thier residence certificates (cedula), and shouted "Mabuhay ang Pilipinas! Mabuhay ang Kalayaan!" This event marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 against Spain.
~ The Cry of Pugad Lawin is a way to mark the change

~ TEACHINGS OF THE KATIPUNAN~

~Emilio Jacinto wrote the Kartilla, or the teachings of the Katipunan. The Kartilla is derived from the Spanish word Cartilla, which means "primer for elementary students." It was composed of 13 rules, which are as follows:

I. A life not devoted to a worthy cause is like a tree without leaves.
- Life is compared to a tree. The leaves are the worthy cause. What will happen if the tree
have no leaves, for sure it will die. So, when you are not devoted to a worthy cause, you are
like a dead and cold person that can't do anything.
II.A good deed that was not done sincerely is not considered a virtue.
- You should help even in little ways with the sincerity of your heart. You should not expect
anything in return when you've helped someone.
III.Real virtue lies not only in charity and love for neighbor, but also in the purity of one's
thoughts, words,and actions.
- To show a real virtue is not only when you've help someone but also in what your intention
is and how pure it is.
IV. All men are equal, regardless of race, color, and culture.
- We are all equal, no one is greater than other. It doesn't matter if you have dark or a fair
skin, if you are tall or not, if you do something this and that way, but what matters is that
we are all brothers and sisters in the sight of God.
V. A wise man values abstinence over indulgence.
VI.A person with delicadeza knows how to keep his words.
- If your a person with delicadeza you should always watch your words.
VII.Never waste time; opportunities that passed by may come again, but time passed can never
be brought back.
- Time is gold. Never waste it because you can't go to the past and return the time in the
past.
VIII. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.
- Don't be a traitor.
IX. An intelligent person exercises prudence in his words, and knows how to keep a secret.
- Secret is a secret. Always Watch your words.
X. A man serves as a model to his wife and children; thus, the leader who is headed in the wrong
direction also leads his followers astray.
- It is like a train that when the first car go to the wrong direction all of the carts will go to the
wrong way.
XI. Do not look at a woman as a source of pleasure, but as a partner in one's joys and sorrows;
remember your mother who brought you up since you were a baby.
XII. What you do not want done unto your own wife, daughter and sister do not do unto the wife,
daughter and sister of others.
- It is like the golden rule that says " Do not do unto others what you don't want others do it
unto you.
XIII. A person's worth does not depend on being a king, priest, or having a high position in
society, nor in the shape of one's nose, or color of your skin. It is found in his goodness,
honor, and pure intentions; in those who do not abuse nor allow themselves to be abused;
and in those who know concern and love for one's country.
- Do not just look on the outward appearance of a person, look on their inner appearance, and
in their hearts.

~ RESULTS OF PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT~

~The martyrdom of the three priests awakened the consciousness of the people to the cruelty and oppression of the Spanish regime. In 1872, Filipino exiles residing in Spain and other foreign cities secretly collaborated with a group of Filipino intellectuals (or illustrado) living in the Philippines to start a peaceful campaign for reforms, which became known as the Propaganda Movement. In existence for 25 years (1872-1896), the Propaganda Movement began with the death of the GomBurZa martyrs and ended with the execution of Rizal.It achieved only minor reforms during its time such as the abolition of the tobacco monopoly; the replacement of the tribute with the cedula tax; and the reduction of forced labor from 40 days to 15 days in a year. However, the propagandists failed to convince the Spanish hierarchy to carry out major reforms in the Philippines. Instead, the members of the movement were arrested, prompting them to flee the country and escape persecution. Meanwhile, the Filipinos were prohibited from reading Rizal's two novels, as well as the published essays or articles written by other reformists. The curtailment of the freedom press and assembly were also strictly enforced.
~ Even the propaganda movement failed to achieve their minor goals, it is okay because they still helped the Filipinos in other ways.